JTWC Mission: Provide tropical cyclone analysis, forecast and warning support for Department of Defense, and other US Government assets in the Pacific and Indian Oceans as established by Commander, United States Pacific Command
JTWC任务：为国防部以及🇺🇸太平洋司令部指挥官在太平洋和印度洋建立的其他🇺🇸政府资产提供热带气旋分析、预测和预警支持

Today’s Joint Typhoon Warning Center traces its origins to June 1945, when the Fleet Weather Center (FWC)/Typhoon Tracking Center was established on Guam after the Pacific Fleet experienced significant loss of men and ships in the typhoons of December 1944 and June 1945. The Typhoon Tracking Center was one of three Navy and two Air Force units responsible for tropical cyclone reconnaissance and warnings in the Pacific. In 1950, the Department of the Navy authorized Fleet Weather Central to provide weather services to civil agencies and the general public on Guam, a service that was expanded in 1953 to include all the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands. To this day, the Department of Defense is responsible for typhoon warnings for the Federated States of Micronesia.
今天的联合台风警报中心可以追溯到1945年6月，当时太平洋舰队在1944年12月和1945年6月的台风中严重损失人员和船只后，在关岛建立了舰队气象中心（FWC）/台风跟踪中心。台风追踪中心是负责太平洋热带气旋侦察和警告的三个海军和两个空军单位之一。1950年，海军部授权舰队天气中心为关岛的民事机构和公众提供气象服务，该服务于1953年扩大到包括太平洋岛屿的所有托管领土。时至今日，国防部负责密克罗尼西亚联邦的台风警报。

Housing JTWC did not exempt the FWC from the impacts of typhoons, as demonstrated by Typhoon Karen in November 1962 when the storm destroyed the building they occupied, causing the eventual relocation of FWC/JTWC to a more typhoon proof building in 1965. In 1974 the JTWC area of responsibility expanded to include the whole of the Northern Indian Ocean, and in 1980 the Southern Hemisphere was added to the mix.
住房JTWC并没有免除FWC免受台风的影响，正如台风Karen在1962年11月所证明的那样，当时风暴摧毁了他们占用的建筑，导致FWC/JTWC最终于1965年搬迁到更防台风的建筑。1974年，JTWC的责任范围扩大到包括整个北印度洋，1980年，南半球被加入其中。

Manned aerial weather reconnaissance began in January 1945 with the arrival of the 655th Bombardment Squadron on Guam. The B-24 aircraft were used to conduct en route and target weather reconnaissance. However it wasn’t until June of that year that the 655th was re-designated the 55th Reconnaissance Squadron, that the first typhoon reconnaissance occurred. In 1945, the 54th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron was established at Andersen AFB, Guam and the 55th rotated back to the United States. At this time, the weather reconnaissance mission transitioned to the WB-29 airframe. Other aircraft used include the Super Constellation, flown by the Airborne Early Warning Squadron One (VW-1) from Naval Air Station, Guam, and the WC-130. Aerial reconnaissance in the western North Pacific continued until 1987, when the Air Force transitioned the mission to weather satellites. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) polar orbiting satellites were the mainstay along with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar orbiters and indigenous geostationary satellites. Satellite reconnaissance continues to be the primary means to assess tropical cyclone location and intensity across the entire JTWC area of responsibility.
随着第655轰炸中队抵达关岛，载人空中天气侦察于1945年1月开始。B-24飞机用于进行途中和目标天气侦察。然而，直到当年6月，第655中队才被重新指定为第55侦察中队，才进行了第一次台风侦察。1945年，第54天气侦察中队在关岛安达森空军基地成立，第55中队轮流返回美国。此时，天气侦察任务过渡到WB-29机身。使用的其他飞机包括第一空降预警中队（VW-1）从关岛海军航空站飞行的超级星座和WC-130。北太平洋西部的空中侦察一直持续到1987年，空军将任务过渡到气象卫星。国防气象卫星计划（DMSP）极地轨道卫星与国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）极地轨道卫星和本土地球静止卫星一起是支柱。卫星侦察仍然是评估整个JTWC责任区热带气旋位置和强度的主要手段。

JTWC moved to its current location in Hawaii in 1999 after the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) committee recommended the closure of the Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center, Guam. The Air Force members of JTWC are administratively assigned to the 17 Operational Weather Squadron, Hickam AFB, Hawaii currently under Command of Lieutenant Colonel Kurt Brueske and the Navy members are assigned to the Naval Maritime Forecast Center under Command of Captain Grant Cooper. A small staff support watch standing/shift working members of JTWC who work 12 hour rotating shifts to maintain a 24 hour per day, 7 day a week, 365 days a year watchful eye for tropical cyclone development. This 2-person team is responsible for determining the center position, current intensity, forecast locations and forecast intensity for 89% of the worlds tropical cyclones. To date, JTWC has issuing warnings on more than 2,500 tropical cyclones throughout its area of responsibility. JTWC’s ability to accurately forecast tropical cyclones has improved significantly over the past 50 years. Verification statistics show today’s 5-day forecast accuracy is about equal to the 2-day forecast accuracy 35 years ago.
在1995年基地调整和关闭（BRAC）委员会建议关闭关岛太平洋海军气象和海洋学中心后，JTWC于1999年搬到了夏威夷的现址。JTWC的空军成员在行政上被分配到夏威夷希卡姆空军基地的17个作战天气中队，目前由库尔特·布鲁斯克中校指挥，海军成员被分配到格兰特·库珀上尉指挥的海军海事预报中心。一小部分工作人员支持观察JTWC的站立/轮班工作人员，他们轮班工作12小时，以保持每天24小时，每周7天，一年365天，密切关注热带气旋的发展。这个由2人组成的团队负责确定世界89%的热带气旋的中心位置、当前强度、预测位置和预测强度。迄今为止，JTWC已就其整个责任区的2500多个热带气旋发出警告。在过去的50年里，JTWC准确预测热带气旋的能力有了显著提高。验证统计数据显示，今天的5天预测准确性大约等于35年前的2天预测准确性。

4L

摘要：
（1）背景：1944年12月和1945年6月两场台风使太平洋舰队损失惨重（众所周知的“台风之子”哈尔西与台风Cobra和Connie的故事）；
（2）前身：1945年6月成立的FWC/TTC，地点关岛；
（3）发展：1950年FWC开始向关岛居民提供天气服务，1953年范围扩大到所有实控太平洋岛屿；
（4）成立：1959年在关岛正式成立JTWC，当时每天发布四次警报，预报范围180度以西，预报时效48小时；
（5）波折：1962年JTWC被台风Karen亲切问候，1974年开始管北印，1980年开始管南半球；
（6）实测：1945年1月开始，6月始有专门实测台风的航班；1987年停止（到台风Cary）；
（7）搬迁：1999年搬来现址夏威夷。
（8）杂碎：JTWC的成员工作两班倒，一班12小时，以保证24*7*365都能发报；JTWC负责全世界89%TC的有关监测；截至2009年5月，JTWC监测了2500多个TC；JTWC的业务能力相比50年前有很大提升云云。

厕 所 简 史

什么时候改进锁死的135kt