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【番外篇】巡洋舰竞赛的必然逻辑

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巡洋舰镇楼
The new ships would be built under contract. White estimated that they would cost £480,000 to £500,000 each, compared to £540,000 for a Kléber, in each case exclusive of armament. Given a sketch design, Controller Rear Admiral Wilson compared equal-cost fleets: 7 large cruisers (Drakes) or 10 smaller ones. The Drakes would have 14 × 9.2in guns and 112 × 6in guns in casemates; the smaller cruisers, 40 × 6in guns in turrets and 100 in casemates. Taking into account both the greater impact of each 9.2in hit, and the reduced rate of fire of 6in guns in twin turrets, White considered the overall firepower of the two groups about equal. The smaller ships needed more men, about 6850 compared to 6300 for the Drakes. They were not nearly as well protected, with 4in rather than 6in belts. For the same total of coal, the smaller ships would have about an eighth less radius of action.
White estimated that one large cruiser could engage two French Montcalms with about the same chance of success as the small cruiser could engage one of them, but she need not fear meeting two of them. The large cruiser could meet many foreign battleships (if caught singly). To Wilson, the greatest advantage of the large cruiser was ‘the certainty that an Admiral would have that whatever service he sent them on, they are sure not to fall in with any single cruiser superior to themselves in either speed or power, and that in most cases their superiority will be so overwhelming that they will be able to destroy their enemy with comparatively little injury to themselves’. Against this, the small cruiser (60ft shorter, and 18in less draught) could enter harbours the large cruiser could not, and the greater number of small cruisers would cover more ground. Wilson considered this last insignificant, given the large number of existing British cruisers. What mattered was the ability to catch and kill the fastest and most powerful of the enemy’s cruisers – and that took a Drake. The existence of Drakes would force an enemy to concentrate his own cruisers, and that in turn ‘would limit his sphere of action more than the reduction in numbers limits ours’.
——海军军械总监威尔斯少将对贸易保护巡洋舰应选择14000吨大型装甲巡洋舰还是9800吨中型装甲巡洋舰的看法,1899

——米诺陶型装甲巡洋舰设计要求,1904

——海军部战后问题委员会报告,1920


IP属地:北京1楼2017-09-14 15:25回复
    什么意思呢,就是不要以为旧时代的人没想过什么船划算,有利,以及保值的问题。


    IP属地:北京2楼2017-09-14 15:40
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      大佬,巡洋舰史还更吗?


      IP属地:重庆来自Android客户端3楼2017-09-14 17:29
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        最后那段报告的结论是:既然可以用战巡对付对面的巡洋舰队,那么大型巡洋舰(包括条约重巡)就是不必要的,可以这么理解吗?


        IP属地:江西4楼2017-09-14 18:29
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          新帖哇
          话说前辈最近很勤奋


          IP属地:山西来自Android客户端5楼2017-09-14 18:43
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            额,楼图又是前卫


            IP属地:浙江来自Android客户端6楼2017-09-14 18:49
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              前排,等白马大佬更新


              IP属地:宁夏来自Android客户端7楼2017-09-14 18:59
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                搬条板凳坐下等大佬科普


                IP属地:广东来自Android客户端8楼2017-09-14 19:16
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                  后排支持。


                  IP属地:广西来自Android客户端9楼2017-09-14 20:04
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                    IP属地:北京11楼2017-09-14 20:12
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                      可否从您的角度简评一下同期美国海军的巡洋舰理念?
                      10多年间没有建造过一艘类似于英德体系中的现代化战巡或舰队轻巡。而根据红宝书,其在1915年前后为舰队前卫进行了一系列scout cruiser的设计,吨位从10000-20000吨,防护从完全无水线甲到8寸甲,火炮从6寸一直到16寸,简直是百鬼夜行……是单纯的观念落后么?


                      IP属地:江苏12楼2017-09-14 23:52
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                        赞同
                        如最后一图所说,6寸当然不如7.5寸,7.5寸又不如9.2寸,……
                        那么分两种情况:
                        自由的巡洋舰竞赛——为什么不超越口径循环上升的怪圈,一步到位直接造战巡呢?但造了战巡之后反雷击之类任务又要由舰队底层的二三等巡洋舰承担所以这些“轻巡洋舰”还是无法去掉。
                        (至于战巡数量会不会不够之类的以及各国实际造舰是什么想法,以及这时会不会由8寸承担反雷击任务,在此处都是另外的问题)
                        有条约限制口径/吨位…——既然有了一定限制那么限制定在哪里更合理?6寸与8寸之争是在有条约背景下发生的,而条约本身定下的限制arguably是霍金斯带来的偶然产物,那么8寸的出现本身就不是必然的。


                        13楼2017-09-15 08:57
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                          列克星敦和萨拉托加被做掉了。


                          14楼2017-09-15 22:28
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                            好帖


                            来自Android客户端16楼2017-10-15 11:41
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                              IP属地:江西来自Android客户端17楼2017-10-15 11:50
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